General Science - Chemistry
Description
Fundamental and applied chemistry, covering matter, atomic structure, chemical reactions, everyday applications, and environmental chemistry.
Learning Objectives
Learners will understand, apply, and analyze key chemical concepts and processes, relate chemistry to technology and environment, and solve scientific problems as required for Prelims.
Topics (12)
Subatomic particles, Bohr model, quantum numbers, isotopes, periodic properties.
Groups, periods, major trends (valency, atomic radius, electronegativity, reactivity), important families.
Ionic, covalent, coordinate, metallic bonding, hydrogen bonds. Importance in biological and industrial compounds.
Definitions, properties, everyday uses, industrial applications, pH concept, neutralization.
Reactivity series, extraction, industrial uses, important reactions, examples from daily life.
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ketones, acids, nomenclature, basic reactions.
Combination, decomposition, displacement, redox reactions, balancing equations, energy changes.
Electrolytes, electrolysis, applications (batteries, cells, fuel cells), corrosion.
Air, water, soil pollution, smog, ozone depletion, chemical waste, recycling, green chemistry.
Detergents, soaps, drugs (aspirin, paracetamol), fertilizers, preservatives, plastics, dyes.
Sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, ammonia, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, household and industrial significance.
Solids, liquids, gases, plasma; melting, boiling, evaporation, sublimation, deposition. Real-life examples.